Changing Culture: A Study in Cultural Engagement
Changing from the culture of death to a culture of life. This is really an audacious statement when you think about it and yet we talk of changing the culture all the time, as if this is an easy thing to do. Of course, as Christians, we do desire to see the culture reflect values and beliefs that represent the kingdom and honor Christ. However, when we speak this way we are speaking in terms that reflect an inadequate understanding of culture' what it is and how it is formed. Furthermore, such declarations assume that culture is a rather simple state of affairs-the mere rearrangement of which will yield a different culture. The fact is, culture is a far more complex phenomenon' especially our culture today with its extraordinary contest and synthesis of ideas, values, and worldviews.
As to the means of achieving this "rearrangement," the prevailing view seems to be, "If you can change the hearts and minds of enough people, the culture will necessarily follow." Over the course of the next several weeks, I will challenge this assumption and offer what I think-and what history seems to prove-is a far more effective approach to cultural engagement, especially if the goal is real change in the society's values and beliefs.
In light of the "hearts and minds" approach, there have' over the years' arisen a multitude of well-intended-mostly conservative-organizations built upon this premise. However, I would argue that this approach tends to only garner a constituency of like-minded folks; those who already share the same hearts and minds. What they generally fail to achieve in any measure are conversions' meaning the persuasion from one side of an issue to the other. This reality ultimately leads to a shift-intended or otherwise-in strategy. What often begins as an earnest effort at public persuasion-the affirmation of a higher ideal-inevitably gives way to political advocacy on behalf of the organization's constituents. The already converted don't need to be persuaded; what they want is to see their view of the world advanced over and against all other competitors. They want a "champion" who will insure their view triumphs.
Get Our Latest News for FREE
This change in approach to cultural engagement is largely the result of politicization. What do I mean by politicization? Several weeks ago, I referenced James Davidson Hunter's recent book, To Change the World: The Irony, Tragedy, and Possibility of Christianity in the Late Modern World (Oxford University Press, 2010). In it Hunter argues that "in response to a thinning consensus of substantive beliefs and dispositions in the larger culture, there has been a turn toward politics as a foundation and structure for social solidarity." Hunter is saying is that due to the disintegration of common values, worldviews, and the like that now animate our pluralistic culture, our society is increasingly polarized as competing interests seek to establish their respective views as the right view. As a consequence, persuasion is thought to be an inadequate way of competing, so in order to defend (or advance) our view, we resort to worldly forms of power-namely political power.
In light of this quest to triumph rather than persuade, organizations-including, in some ways, the American church-inevitably alter their mission. We are no longer content to say, "Help us persuade others to see a better way'" or "Help us help others be faithful." When the issues become politicized, concerns necessarily shift from the good of all to primarily the interests of the group and their advance. Fear replaces the affirmation of higher ideals as the means of motivation, and opponents become the enemy. And in the case of the church, we simply make ourselves one more "special interest group."
Of course, everyone justifies this approach' both on the left and the right' convincing themselves that the advance of their agenda is in the best interest of all. However, politicization forces the abandonment of the "us for them" approach for an "us against them" tactic and constituents simply become the financiers of the campaign. Success is only measureable by "winning"; merely being faithful-a somewhat ambiguous quality-is no longer tolerable. Thus these efforts, which began with the goal of commending their view of the world, eventually descend into political coercion as the means of cultural change.
That is not to say that political activism is unimportant; it isn't! Nor am I saying we should avoid politics. I'm not! What I am saying is this: our expectations of politics are often way too high, far beyond their real power. For one, politics has never been the means of actually changing the culture and, two, it is certainly not the means by which the Christian church-the most powerful social and cultural transforming force in history-has or should fulfill its mission and purpose.
Over the course of the next several weeks, I will give three examples of cultural engagement. The first is the Prohibition movement, which sought to accomplish moral reform through coercive political means and ultimately failed, eventually doing harm in the process. Next we will examine the abortion-on-demand movement, which as I will show, employed a more sophisticated approach to cultural engagement and thereby achieved a significant measure of success. And finally, we will look at the early Christian church and its true triumph over pagan Rome.
(Adapted from a lecture given at the Troutt Lecture Series on behalf of the Council for Life in Dallas, Texas on October 7, 2010.)
