8 key factors that determine your long-term investing results
The amount of wealth you can accumulate through investing is determined by many things. To be successful (and calm!) investor, it helps to focus on those can control rather than worry about those you can’t.
The one investors tend to concentrate on is:
• The Rate of Return. Trying to earning higher returns is why investors spend so much time attempting to pick winning stocks, the best funds, or the most astute market forecaster.
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Unfortunately, this is the factor that’s largely out of one's control, unless you’re willing to settle for guaranteed CD-like returns. No matter how hard you study or how much you know, you can’t predetermine exactly what your rate of return will be.
So doesn’t it make sense to turn your attention to the factors where you do have a lot of control? As in:
• Whether You’re Building on a Strong Foundation. You don’t have as much to fear from economic storms if you’re debt-free, have an emergency reserve, and live on a budget that produces a monthly surplus. Your ability to put such a foundation in place is affected by how big a house you buy, how new a car you drive, how responsibly you handle credit, and a host of other decisions — most under your direct control.
• How Much You Save. Invest $200 a month for 20 years at 10.0% and it will grow to $153,000. You could improve that to $216,000 by either (1) increasing your rate of return to 12.6% annually, or (2) increasing your deposit regularly by a mere $1 per month. Which do you think would be easier?
• How Much You Lose to Taxes. The above example assumes you’re investing in a tax-deferred retirement account. If you made your $200 monthly investments into a regular taxable savings account, you’d need to earn a little more than 15% per year to reach even the lower $153,000 target (assuming a 34% combined federal/state rate). So be sure to make full use of tax-advantaged accounts such as IRAs and 401(k)s.
• How Long You Save. Compound growth examples show that amazing things happen when you leave money invested for long periods of time. This means you should start contributing to your investment accounts as early as possible and plan to leave the money working tax-deferred for as long as possible.
• How Much You Invest in Stocks Versus Bonds. Fearing the next bear market, the temptation arises to dramatically cut back on risk. That makes sense for those nearing retirement, but not for those with longer time frames. Since before the Great Depression, the average result from a 40% stocks, 60% bonds portfolio invested for a 20-year period was a 9.2% annual return. By changing the mix to 60% stocks, 40% bonds, the average annual return climbed 1.6 percentage points to 10.8%. This includes the brutal bear markets of the 1930s, along with many others along the way when portfolios with heavier stock allocations did poorly. Over the long term, however, stocks give much better returns than bonds.
• Whether You’re Playing the Short-term Trading Game or the Long-term Investing Game. In the investing game, you win by plotting your strategy very carefully at the outset, and then you let that strategy play out over a decade or more. The short-term news, current market fads, and so-called expert opinions are largely irrelevant to long-term investors.
• Whose Advice You Listen To. Is your strategy in sync with biblically based financial principles, or more reflective of the conventional thinking offered by the secular investing world? It’s your choice.
The final seven factors are under your control. Focusing your energies on maximizing their effect on portfolio growth will contribute far more to your success than hit-and-miss efforts to raise raw performance results.
Austin Pryor is the founder of Sound Mind Investing, publisher of America's best-selling investment newsletter written from a biblical perspective. Through its newsletter, website, and the small-group study "Multiply," SMI helps people manage money effectively so they can truly live well and give generously.
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